Understanding your menstrual cycle

Your period is just one chapter in a much bigger story. The menstrual cycle is a beautifully orchestrated series of hormonal events that repeat every month and the more you learn about it, the more you’ll marvel at your body’s brilliance.

Menstrual cycle timeline

Day 1 of your cycle = the first day of your period. Your cycle ends the day before your next period begins.

The average cycle lasts 28 days, but anything between 21 and 45 days is considered normal. Irregular cycles? Totally common. Unless you’re experiencing other symptoms (like severe pain or missed periods), there’s usually no need to worry.

Phase 1: the follicular phase (days 1–13)

This phase begins with menstruation when your uterus sheds its lining, resulting in menstrual bleeding. This typically lasts 3–7 days.

During this time:

• FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) rise
• Your ovaries start prepping eggs
• Estrogen increases, helping rebuild the uterine lining

One egg becomes dominant and prepares for release. The follicular phase ends with ovulation.

Phase 2: ovulation (around day 14)

Ovulation is your body’s fertility peak. The dominant egg is released into the fallopian tube, ready to meet sperm.

Key players:

• LH surge triggers egg release
• Progesterone rises to support potential pregnancy

If you’re trying to conceive, the 24–36 hours after ovulation are your prime time.

Phase 3: the luteal phase (days 15–28)

This phase lasts 12–16 days and wraps up your cycle.

If the egg isn’t fertilized:

• Estrogen and progesterone levels drop
• The uterine lining breaks down
• Your next period begins

You might experience PMS symptoms like mood swings, bloating, fatigue, or cravings. These are linked to hormonal shifts especially the drop in progesterone.

Need help managing PMS? Check out our guide on how to deal with PMS.

Track your cycle like a pro

Want to understand your body better? Use a period tracking app like:

• Clue
• Spot On
• Cycles
• Eve

These apps help you monitor symptoms, predict ovulation, and sync your lifestyle with your hormonal rhythm.

Your menstrual cycle is a powerful, intricate system that deserves celebration, not shame. Whether you’re tracking fertility, managing PMS, or just getting to know your body better, understanding your cycle is a game-changer.

photo: courtesy of Pinterest