Is an IUD right for you? Types, benefits, risks & what to expect!

When it comes to birth control, there’s never been more choice. Pills, patches, vaginal rings, implants, injections and among these options is one of the most effective and long-lasting methods: the intrauterine device (IUD).

If you’re exploring your options for contraception, here’s everything you need to know about IUDs and whether they might be right for you.

What is an IUD and how does it work?

An IUD is a small, flexible, T-shaped device made from plastic, silicone, or copper (sometimes called a “coil”) that’s inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Insertion is done in a healthcare provider’s office and is similar to a PAP smear. You may experience mild pain or spotting afterward, but these symptoms typically resolve quickly.

There are two main types of IUDs:

• Copper IUDs: These are hormone-free and use the spermicidal properties of copper to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Copper also triggers a localized immune response that helps prevent implantation.
• Hormonal IUDs: These release a synthetic hormone similar to progesterone (levonorgestrel), which thickens cervical mucus, inhibits sperm movement, and may suppress ovulation.

Both types work by altering sperm movement and preventing implantation, making them highly effective forms of contraception.

Pros of using an IUD

• Highly effective: IUDs reduce the risk of pregnancy by over 99%;
• Emergency contraception: Copper IUDs can be used within 5 days of unprotected sex, reducing pregnancy risk by 99.9%;
• Long-term protection:
• Hormonal IUDs last 3–6 years;
• Copper IUDs last up to 12 years;
• Reversible: You can have your IUD removed at any time and resume fertility immediately;
• Period benefits: Hormonal IUDs often make periods lighter or stop them altogether, which is helpful for those with heavy bleeding;
• Compatible with menstrual cups: Yes, you can use a menstrual cup with an IUD, just make sure to follow proper insertion and removal techniques. 

Cons and considerations

IUDs aren’t for everyone. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Not recommended for:
  • People with active STIs or pelvic infections;
  • Those who are pregnant or have cervical/uterine cancer;
  • People with copper allergies or Wilson’s disease (for copper IUDs);
  • Those with liver disease or breast cancer (for hormonal IUDs).
• Side effects:
  • Copper IUDs may cause heavier periods, especially in the first few months;
  • Hormonal IUDs may cause spotting, mood changes, or acne.
• Rare risks:
  • In about 1 in 1000 cases, an IUD may perforate the uterus, requiring surgical removal;
  • Some uterine shapes or sizes may make insertion difficult or impossible.

Is an IUD right for you?

If you’re considering an IUD, talk to your gynecologist or primary care provider. Share your full medical history including any medications or supplements to determine if an IUD is a safe and effective choice for your lifestyle.

IUDs offer long-term, reversible, and low-maintenance birth control. Whether you’re planning a family or just want peace of mind, they’re worth exploring. And remember: your body, your choice, your timeline.

This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you are considering an IUD or have questions about contraception, please consult a qualified healthcare provider. Every body is different, and professional guidance is essential for safe and effective care.

photo: courtesy of Pinterest